Special slaves purchased for military service by the early Delhi Sultans were called ________
A. Ghulams
B. Bandagans
C. Clients
D. Muqtis
Points to Know-
• For Reliable governors and administrators, Delhi Sultans, especially Iltutmish, favoured their special slaves purchased for military service, called bandagan in Persian
• The Khaljis and Tughluqs used bandagan and also raised people of humble birth, who were often their clients, to high political positions.
Which of the following statements is false?
A. Slaves and clients were loyal to their masters as well as their heirs
B. The Khaljis used bandagan and clients to high political positions.
C. Authors of Persian tawarikh criticised the Delhi Sultans for appointing the low and base-born to high offices.
D. All of the above are correct
Points to know-
• Slaves and clients were loyal to their masters and patrons, but not to their heirs.
• For Reliable governors and administrators, Delhi Sultans, especially Iltutmish, favoured their special slaves purchased for military service, called bandagan in Persian
What was Iqta?
A. Type of Land Tax
B. A Land granted to officials instead of salary
C. Rank of Army officials
D. Titles given to rich landlord by Sultans
Points to Know-
• The Khalji and Tughluq monarchs appointed military commanders as governors of territories of varying sizes.
• These lands were called iqta and their holder was called iqtadar or muqti
• Duty of the muqtis was to lead military campaigns and maintain law and order in their iqtas.
• The muqtis collected the revenues of their assignments as salary.
Duty of muqtis were-
i. Lead military campaign
ii. Maintain law and order in an area
iii. To check the accounts of the revenue of the area
A. Only i and ii
B. Only i and iii
C. Only ii and iii
D. All of the above
Points to Know-
Duty of the muqtis- to lead military campaigns and maintain law and order in their iqtas. The muqtis collected the revenues of their assignments as salary.
A type of tax called Kharaj started during Alaudin Khilji rule was on-
A. House
B. Cattle
C. Cultivation
D. Road
Points to Know-
During Alauddin Khilji rule there were three types of taxes:
(1) on cultivation called kharaj and amounting to about 50 per cent of the peasant’s produce,
(2) on cattle
(3) on houses.
Which ruler made plan to attack on Transoxiana?
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Feroz Shah Tughlaq
C. Muhammad Tughlaq
D. Sher Shah Sur
Points to Know-
• The Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana in north-east Iran in 1219 and after this, their onslaughter was faced by Delhi Sultanate during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and in the early years of Muhammad Tughluq’s rule
• In Muhammad Tughluq’s reign, the Sultanate was attacked in his early years and the Mongol army was defeated. Muhammad Tughluq planned an attack on Transoxiana therefore he raised a large standing army but he never did.
Why Alauddin constructed Siri?
A. For soldiers
B. to make it a new capital
C. For industries
D. For minting coins
Points to Know-
Alauddin constructed a new garrison town named Siri for his soldiers
Which of the following is true regarding Muhammad Tughlaq?
I. He planned to invade Transoxiana
II. He constructed a new garrison town for his soldiers
III. He started token currency
A. Only i and ii
B. Only i and iii
C. Only ii and iii
D. All of the above
Points to Know-
• Muhammad Tughluq was confident about the strength of his army and his resources to plan an attack on Transoxiana.
• Rather than constructing a new garrison town, the oldest of the four cities of Delhi (Dehli-i-Kuhna) was emptied of its residents and the soldiers garrisoned there.
• He started token currency
• Muhammad Tughluq’s administrative measures were a failure
Whose administration became the model which was followed by Akbar
A. Muhammad Tughlaq
B. Humayun
C. Sher Shah Sur
D. Bahlul Lodi
Points to Know-
Sher Shah captured Delhi and established his own dynasty where he ruled for only fifteen years (1540-1555) but his administration that borrowed elements from Alauddin Khalji became the model which was followed by the great emperor Akbar.
What is true regarding three orders
i. It was not supported by the Church
ii. This idea was first formulated in Germany
A. Only i
B. Only ii
C. Both i and ii
D. None
Points to Know-
• The idea of the “Three Orders” first formulated in France in the early eleventh century.
• It divided society into three classes: those who prayed, those who fought, and those who tilled the land.
• The division of society into “Three Orders” was supported by the Church to consolidate its dominant role in society.
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